lychee lycheeverse

Fast, async, stream-based link checker written in Rust. Finds broken URLs and mail addresses inside Markdown, HTML, reStructuredText, websites and more!

README

⚡ A fast, async, stream-based link checker written in Rust.
Finds broken hyperlinks and mail addresses inside Markdown, HTML, reStructuredText, or any other text file or website!

Available as a command-line utility, a library and a GitHub Action.

Table of Contents

• Installation
• Features
• Commandline usage
• Library usage
• GitHub Action Usage
• Pre-commit Usage
• Contributing to lychee
• Debugging and improving async code
• Troubleshooting and Workarounds
• Users
• Credits
• License

Installation

Arch Linux

pacman -S lychee

macOS

brew install lychee

Docker

docker pull lycheeverse/lychee

NixOS

nix-env -iA nixos.lychee

Nixpkgs

• lychee package for configurations, Nix shells, etc.

• Let Nix check a packaged site with
  testers.lycheeLinkCheck { site = …; }

FreeBSD

pkg install lychee

Scoop

scoop install lychee

Termux

pkg install lychee

Alpine Linux

 # available for Alpine Edge in testing repositories
apk add lychee

Pre-built binaries

We provide binaries for Linux, macOS, and Windows for every release.
You can download them from the releases page.

Cargo

Build dependencies

On APT/dpkg-based Linux distros (e.g. Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Kali Linux) the following commands will install all required build dependencies, including the Rust toolchain and cargo:

curl -sSf 'https://sh.rustup.rs' | sh
apt install gcc pkg-config libc6-dev libssl-dev

Compile and install lychee

cargo install lychee

Feature flags

Lychee supports several feature flags:

• native-tls enables the platform-native TLS crate native-tls.
• vendored-openssl compiles and statically links a copy of OpenSSL. See the corresponding feature of the openssl crate.
• rustls-tls enables the alternative TLS crate rustls.
• email-check enables checking email addresses using the check-if-email-exists crate. This feature requires the native-tls feature.
• check_example_domains allows checking example domains such as example.com. This feature is useful for testing.

By default, native-tls and email-check are enabled.

Features

This comparison is made on a best-effort basis. Please create a PR to fix outdated information.

| | lychee | awesome_bot | muffet | broken-link-checker | linkinator | linkchecker | markdown-link-check | fink | | -------------------- | ------- | ------------- | -------- | --------------------- | ------------ | -------------------- | --------------------- | ------ | | Language | Rust | Ruby | Go | JS | TypeScript | Python | JS | PHP | | Async/Parallel | | | | | | | | | | JSON output | | | | | | 1 | | | | Static binary | | | | | | ️ | | | | Markdown files | | | | | | | | | | HTML files | | | | | | | | | | Text files | | | | | | | | | | Website support | | | | | | | | | | Chunked encodings | | | | | | | | | | GZIP compression | | | | | | | | | | Basic Auth | | | | | | | | | | Custom user agent | | | | | | | | | | Relative URLs | | | | | | | | | | Anchors/Fragments | | | | | | | | | | Skip relative URLs | | | | | | | | | | Include patterns | ️ | | | | | | | | | Exclude patterns | | | | | | | | | | Handle redirects | | | | | | | | | | Ignore insecure SSL | | | | | | | | | | File globbing | | | | | | | | | | Limit scheme | | | | | | | | | | Custom headers | | | | | | | | | | Summary | | | | | | | | | | HEAD requests | | | | | | | | | | Colored output | | | | | | | | | | Filter status code | | | | | | | | | | Custom timeout | | | | | | | | | | E-mail links | | | | | | | | | | Progress bar | | | | | | | | | | Retry and backoff | | | | | | | | | | Skip private domains | | | | | | | | | | Use as library | | | | | | | | | | Quiet mode | | | | | | | | | | Config file | | | | | | | | | | Cookies | | | | | | | | | | Recursion | | | | | | | | | | Amazing lychee logo | | | | | | | | |

1 Other machine-readable formats like CSV are supported.

Commandline usage

Recursively check all links in supported files inside the current directory

lychee .

You can also specify various types of inputs:

# check links in specific local file(s):
lychee README.md
lychee test.html info.txt

# check links on a website:
lychee https://endler.dev

# check links in directory but block network requests
lychee --offline path/to/directory

# check links in a remote file:
lychee https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lycheeverse/lychee/master/README.md

# check links in local files via shell glob:
lychee ~/projects/*/README.md

# check links in local files (lychee supports advanced globbing and ~ expansion):
lychee "~/projects/big_project/**/README.*"

# ignore case when globbing and check result for each link:
lychee --glob-ignore-case --verbose "~/projects/**/[r]eadme.*"

# check links from epub file (requires atool: https://www.nongnu.org/atool)
acat -F zip {file.epub} "*.xhtml" "*.html" | lychee -

lychee parses other file formats as plaintext and extracts links using linkify. This generally works well if there are no format or encoding specifics, but in case you need dedicated support for a new file format, please consider creating an issue.

Docker Usage

Here's how to mount a local directory into the container and check some input with lychee.

• The --init parameter is passed so that lychee can be stopped from the terminal.
• We also pass -it to start an interactive terminal, which is required to show the progress bar.
• The --rm removes not used anymore container from the host after the run (self-cleanup).
• The -w /input points to /input as the default workspace
• The -v $(pwd):/input does local volume mounting to the container for lychee access.

By default a Debian-based Docker image is used. If you want to run an Alpine-based image, use the latest-alpine tag. For example, lycheeverse/lychee:latest-alpine

Linux/macOS shell command

docker run --init -it --rm -w /input -v $(pwd):/input lycheeverse/lychee README.md

Windows PowerShell command

docker run --init -it --rm -w /input -v ${PWD}:/input lycheeverse/lychee README.md

GitHub Token

To avoid getting rate-limited while checking GitHub links, you can optionally set an environment variable with your GitHub token like so GITHUB_TOKEN=xxxx, or use the --github-token CLI option. It can also be set in the config file. Here is an example config file.

The token can be generated on your GitHub account settings page. A personal access token with no extra permissions is enough to be able to check public repo links.

For more scalable organization-wide scenarios you can consider a GitHub App. It has a higher rate limit than personal access tokens but requires additional configuration steps on your GitHub workflow. Please follow the GitHub App Setup example.

Commandline Parameters

There is an extensive list of command line parameters to customize the behavior. See below for a full list.

A fast, async link checker

Finds broken URLs and mail addresses inside Markdown, HTML, `reStructuredText`, websites and more!

Usage: lychee [OPTIONS] <inputs>...

Arguments:
  <inputs>...
          The inputs (where to get links to check from). These can be: files (e.g. `README.md`), file globs (e.g. `"~/git/*/README.md"`), remote URLs (e.g. `https://example.com/README.md`) or standard input (`-`). NOTE: Use `--` to separate inputs from options that allow multiple arguments

Options:
  -c, --config <CONFIG_FILE>
          Configuration file to use
          
          [default: lychee.toml]

  -v, --verbose...
          Set verbosity level; more output per occurrence (e.g. `-v` or `-vv`)

  -q, --quiet...
          Less output per occurrence (e.g. `-q` or `-qq`)

  -n, --no-progress
          Do not show progress bar.
          This is recommended for non-interactive shells (e.g. for continuous integration)

      --cache
          Use request cache stored on disk at `.lycheecache`

      --max-cache-age <MAX_CACHE_AGE>
          Discard all cached requests older than this duration
          
          [default: 1d]

      --dump
          Don't perform any link checking. Instead, dump all the links extracted from inputs that would be checked

      --dump-inputs
          Don't perform any link extraction and checking. Instead, dump all input sources from which links would be collected

      --archive <ARCHIVE>
          Specify the use of a specific web archive. Can be used in combination with `--suggest`
          
          [possible values: wayback]

      --suggest
          Suggest link replacements for broken links, using a web archive. The web archive can be specified with `--archive`

  -m, --max-redirects <MAX_REDIRECTS>
          Maximum number of allowed redirects
          
          [default: 5]

      --max-retries <MAX_RETRIES>
          Maximum number of retries per request
          
          [default: 3]

      --max-concurrency <MAX_CONCURRENCY>
          Maximum number of concurrent network requests
          
          [default: 128]

  -T, --threads <THREADS>
          Number of threads to utilize. Defaults to number of cores available to the system

  -u, --user-agent <USER_AGENT>
          User agent
          
          [default: lychee/x.y.z]

  -i, --insecure
          Proceed for server connections considered insecure (invalid TLS)

  -s, --scheme <SCHEME>
          Only test links with the given schemes (e.g. https). Omit to check links with any other scheme. At the moment, we support http, https, file, and mailto

      --offline
          Only check local files and block network requests

      --include <INCLUDE>
          URLs to check (supports regex). Has preference over all excludes

      --exclude <EXCLUDE>
          Exclude URLs and mail addresses from checking (supports regex)

      --exclude-file <EXCLUDE_FILE>
          Deprecated; use `--exclude-path` instead

      --exclude-path <EXCLUDE_PATH>
          Exclude file path from getting checked

  -E, --exclude-all-private
          Exclude all private IPs from checking.
          Equivalent to `--exclude-private --exclude-link-local --exclude-loopback`

      --exclude-private
          Exclude private IP address ranges from checking

      --exclude-link-local
          Exclude link-local IP address range from checking

      --exclude-loopback
          Exclude loopback IP address range and localhost from checking

      --exclude-mail
          Exclude all mail addresses from checking (deprecated; excluded by default)

      --include-mail
          Also check email addresses

      --remap <REMAP>
          Remap URI matching pattern to different URI

      --fallback-extensions <FALLBACK_EXTENSIONS>
          Test the specified file extensions for URIs when checking files locally.
          Multiple extensions can be separated by commas. Extensions will be checked in
          order of appearance.
          
          Example: --fallback-extensions html,htm,php,asp,aspx,jsp,cgi

      --header <HEADER>
          Custom request header

  -a, --accept <ACCEPT>
          A List of accepted status codes for valid links
          
          The following accept range syntax is supported: [start]..[=]end|code. Some valid
          examples are:
          
          - 200..=204
          - 200..204
          - ..=204
          - ..204
          - 200
          
          Use "lychee --accept '200..=204, 429, 500' <inputs>..." to provide a comma-
          separated list of accepted status codes. This example will accept 200, 201,
          202, 203, 204, 429, and 500 as valid status codes.
          
          [default: 100..=103,200..=299]

      --include-fragments
          Enable the checking of fragments in links

  -t, --timeout <TIMEOUT>
          Website timeout in seconds from connect to response finished
          
          [default: 20]

  -r, --retry-wait-time <RETRY_WAIT_TIME>
          Minimum wait time in seconds between retries of failed requests
          
          [default: 1]

  -X, --method <METHOD>
          Request method
          
          [default: get]

  -b, --base <BASE>
          Base URL or website root directory to check relative URLs e.g. <https://example.com> or `/path/to/public`

      --basic-auth <BASIC_AUTH>
          Basic authentication support. E.g. `http://example.com username:password`

      --github-token <GITHUB_TOKEN>
          GitHub API token to use when checking github.com links, to avoid rate limiting
          
          [env: GITHUB_TOKEN]

      --skip-missing
          Skip missing input files (default is to error if they don't exist)

      --include-verbatim
          Find links in verbatim sections like `pre`- and `code` blocks

      --glob-ignore-case
          Ignore case when expanding filesystem path glob inputs

  -o, --output <OUTPUT>
          Output file of status report

      --mode <MODE>
          Set the output display mode. Determines how results are presented in the terminal
          
          [default: color]
          [possible values: plain, color, emoji]

  -f, --format <FORMAT>
          Output format of final status report
          
          [default: compact]
          [possible values: compact, detailed, json, markdown, raw]

      --require-https
          When HTTPS is available, treat HTTP links as errors

      --cookie-jar <COOKIE_JAR>
          Tell lychee to read cookies from the given file. Cookies will be stored in the cookie jar and sent with requests. New cookies will be stored in the cookie jar and existing cookies will be updated

  -h, --help
          Print help (see a summary with '-h')

  -V, --version
          Print version

Exit codes

• 0 for success (all links checked successfully or excluded/skipped as configured)
• 1 for missing inputs and any unexpected runtime failures or config errors
• 2 for link check failures (if any non-excluded link failed the check)
• 3 for errors in the config file

Ignoring links

You can exclude links from getting checked by specifying regex patterns with --exclude (e.g. --exclude example\.(com|org)). If a file named .lycheeignore exists in the current working directory, its contents are excluded as well. The file allows you to list multiple regular expressions for exclusion (one pattern per line).

For excluding files/directories from being scanned use lychee.toml and exclude_path.

exclude_path = ["some/path", "*/dev/*"]

Caching

If the --cache flag is set, lychee will cache responses in a file called .lycheecache in the current directory. If the file exists and the flag is set, then the cache will be loaded on startup. This can greatly speed up future runs. Note that by default lychee will not store any data on disk.

Library usage

You can use lychee as a library for your own projects! Here is a "hello world" example:

use lychee_lib::Result;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
  let response = lychee_lib::check("https://github.com/lycheeverse/lychee").await?;
  println!("{response}");
  Ok(())
}

This is equivalent to the following snippet, in which we build our own client:

use lychee_lib::{ClientBuilder, Result, Status};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
  let client = ClientBuilder::default().client()?;
  let response = client.check("https://github.com/lycheeverse/lychee").await?;
  assert!(response.status().is_success());
  Ok(())
}

The client builder is very customizable:

let client = lychee_lib::ClientBuilder::builder()
    .includes(includes)
    .excludes(excludes)
    .max_redirects(cfg.max_redirects)
    .user_agent(cfg.user_agent)
    .allow_insecure(cfg.insecure)
    .custom_headers(headers)
    .method(method)
    .timeout(timeout)
    .github_token(cfg.github_token)
    .scheme(cfg.scheme)
    .accepted(accepted)
    .build()
    .client()?;

All options that you set will be used for all link checks. See the builder documentation for all options. For more information, check out the examples folder.

GitHub Action Usage

A GitHub Action that uses lychee is available as a separate repository: lycheeverse/lychee-action which includes usage instructions.

Pre-commit Usage

Lychee can also be used as a pre-commit hook.

# .pre-commit-config.yaml
repos:
  - repo: https://github.com/lycheeverse/lychee.git
    rev: v0.15.1
    hooks:
      - id: lychee
        # Optionally include additional CLI arguments
        args: ["--no-progress", "--exclude", "file://"]

Rather than running on staged-files only, Lychee can be run against an entire repository.

- id: lychee
  args: ["--no-progress", "."]
  pass_filenames: false

Contributing to lychee

We'd be thankful for any contribution.
We try to keep the issue tracker up-to-date so you can quickly find a task to work on.

Try one of these links to get started:

• good first issues
• help wanted

For more detailed instructions, head over to CONTRIBUTING.md.

Debugging and improving async code

Lychee makes heavy use of async code to be resource-friendly while still being performant. Async code can be difficult to troubleshoot with most tools, however. Therefore we provide experimental support for tokio-console. It provides a top(1)-like overview for async tasks!

If you want to give it a spin, download and start the console:

git clone https://github.com/tokio-rs/console
cd console
cargo run

Then run lychee with some special flags and features enabled.

RUSTFLAGS="--cfg tokio_unstable" cargo run --features tokio-console -- <input1> <input2> ...

If you find a way to make lychee faster, please do reach out.

Troubleshooting and Workarounds

We collect a list of common workarounds for various websites in our troubleshooting guide.

Users

• https://github.com/InnerSourceCommons/InnerSourcePatterns
• https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch
• https://github.com/ramitsurana/awesome-kubernetes
• https://github.com/papers-we-love/papers-we-love
• https://github.com/pingcap/docs
• https://github.com/microsoft/WhatTheHack
• https://github.com/Azure/ResourceModules
• https://github.com/nix-community/awesome-nix
• https://github.com/balena-io/docs
• https://github.com/launchdarkly/LaunchDarkly-Docs
• https://github.com/pawroman/links
• https://github.com/analysis-tools-dev/static-analysis
• https://github.com/analysis-tools-dev/dynamic-analysis
• https://github.com/mre/idiomatic-rust
• https://github.com/bencherdev/bencher
• https://github.com/sindresorhus/execa
• https://github.com/lycheeverse/lychee (yes, the lychee docs are checked with lychee 🤯)

If you are using lychee for your project, please add it here.

Credits

The first prototype of lychee was built in episode 10 of Hello Rust. Thanks to all GitHub and Patreon sponsors for supporting the development since the beginning. Also, thanks to all the great contributors who have since made this project more mature.

License

lychee is licensed under either of

• Apache License, Version 2.0, (LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)

at your option.

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